The Materials Management In Malaysia Construction Construction Essay

The substantials worry In Malaysia Construction Construction EssayIn mental synthesis, sensibles and equipment account for 50-60 of the bulge cost, and the most common ca custom of delays in eddy is lack of corporals (Amir TavakoliAdil Kakalia, 1993). Studies conducted by the Construction Industry Institute, Ameri mickle Association of address Engineers, and other(prenominal)s nominate emphasized the importance of crook real(a)s management (Amir TavakoliAdil Kakalia, 1993). These studies maintain cerebrate that effective materials management ashes ordain result in a 6-8% improvement in labour productivity, amend cash feast, deoxidized multitude materials surplus, decrease materials management human resource, improved vendor per varianceance, slimd indispens subjectness for physical w arhouse facilities, measurement purchasing discounts, minimized cost disturb of change governs, and fewer project delays. The saving made as a result of these improvements tabo ostrip the cost of enforceing a materials management agreement by ten to one (Amir TavakoliAdil Kakalia, 1993).Nowadays, the cost of materials for construction is change magnitude form category to year due to market force, lack of natural resources, and etc. In order to reduce the construction cost, material management has to be raceing divulge to reign the construction cost to make to a greater extent proceeds.1.2 Problem argumentationLack of materials management in construction go forth result in rising of construction cost, more wastage, lowering the profit and etc. In order to make a spicyer profit with a utmost construction cost, developer tend to sell their reading in a high price and and so grammatical construction cost pull up stakes become high and result in purchaser down to pay a big afford on the payment.Government should pay more afford to avower on materials management in order to reduce wastage as instantly our world is more concern in recycle an d also to reduce the afford of people to buy a comfort residential for themselves or to acquire a shop to nethergoes their business.1.3 Objectives1. To identify whether the materials management system atomic number 18 properly carried out in construction localize.2. To watch over the proper focus in get hold ofing out materials management on construction state of affairs.2. To determine the advantages of the employ of materials management.1.4 Rationale of studyBuilding materials is a important resources in a construction industry. No matter how big or sm entirely the project is, decl ber should pay more attention on building materials in order to reduce wastage and also to maximize their profit. Many construction companies free do non do well in materials management which give the axe help them to make more profit and also to help their construction running smoothly. So, there ar some reasons why this research strikes to be carried out.First of completely, how to ap plied and organised the proper materials management system to a project. Secondly, how to increase the profit of construction telephoner by the employ of materials management system.Hopefully, this research get out give a clear go for on materials management and reserve a guideline for local construction conjunction to improve their materials management system.1.5 MethodologyMethodology mode to be utilize is questionnaires. First, aims and objectives will be planned and draft out in all the content needed. subsequently finalize the survey questionnaire, 30 essays will be conducted by sending to different construction caller-out. The targeted constructions companies contacts be obtain from internet, friends and newspaper.After collected the questionnaires, the data collected will be analyze. Conclusion and recommendations will have made at the end of the research. The purpose of using questionnaires is that it freighter be comp ar different commissions of materials man agement system carried out by different construction company and this also is an easy way to collect data.Chapter 2 Literature review2.1 Definition clobbers management is an validational philosophy that has evolved through application of the systems approach to management, an approach that provides for integration of all management do locomotes. A primary objective of this philosophy is to coordinate all business activities that ar part of the materials cycle, from supplier through company trading operations and on to the customer. textiles management is an umbrella that integrates all the critical materials sub contributions and , as such, is a major company function, among such others as engineering, finance, and manufacturing as utter in figure 1.1(Eugene L. Magad and privy M. Amos, 1995)CaptureFigure Major company function cooperating to succeed common objectivesA simpler definition of materials management could be the line of responsibility which begins with the s election of suppliers and ends when the material is interpreted to its orient of use. (Dean S. Ammer, 1969).Material managements is a concept which brings together under one manager the responsibility for find out the manufacturing requirements, scheduling the manufacturing handle, and procuring, storing and dispersing material. As such it is concerned with, and get over, activities related in the science and use of all material employed in the merchandise of a finished good. (R J Carter and P M Price, 1993)2.2 ConceptNeither the speech confabulation nor the concept of a totally integrated material organization has been current by all business passim the world. Many of the local company use the different term to coding this management such as Material focal point, logistics, and Physical distri barelyion for similar organizations. Others have embraced the title but not the full organizational philosophy. Despite different names, however, the trend in recent years has be en for companies to adopt the materials management or logistics management title. (Eugene L. Magad and potty M. Amos, 1995)Business be attributable to material are signifi give noticet passel of the total cost of goods and services. Increasingly, companies are recognizing the need to implement this type of organization to maximize profits, improve customer service, establish needs manoeuvers, and reduce costs. (Eugene L. Magad and John M. Amos, 1995)2.3 Functions of Material solicitudeIn building construction industry, Material Management works with all segments, the major function is to provide the sound materials to the right operating point at the right magazine in a usable condition and at the minimum cost. So, in generally the Material Management play an important role whether the profit the Contractors firm will maximize or remain unchanged. (R.J.Carter and P.M Price, 1993)Besides that, the amount of wastage also reduced with the use of materials management as nowadays what our community concern more about in the term of Recycle. Below are the basic function of the use of materials management in construction industry miscellany of materials stance on localise performance on siteReduction of float fiber ControlThe main point of Material Management is to conform to the needs of all operating systems, such as the manufacturing production line, the need arising from customer demand patterns, promotional activities and physical distribution schedules. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)2.3.1 Classification of materialsMaterials digest be classified into groups reflecting the manner in which they can be handled and stored on the site. The way in which a material is delivered will determine how it is off weighted and where it is located. For example, sand will arrive in a tip-up embody vehicle and will need to deposit onto an even clean launch with walls to prevent excessive spreading. No labour will be call for other than an operative directing the vehicle. ( Ian E Chandler, 1978)The categorization can be split into five broad areas.BulkThe material is delivered in bulge and deposited on site into some form of container. These materials have a high wastage rate and tend to be used indiscriminately. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)BaggedA wad material placed in bags for ease of manipulation and controlled use in small quantities. The bag also offers some protection against wastage and deterioration. Generally, to check over spry unloading a extensive number of operatives are compulsory to carry the bags to the storage point. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)PalletedBagged materials can be loaded onto pallets on the fascinate vehicle and on arrival at the site mechanical doer can be used to offload them, such as genital organ lift trucks or cranes. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)PackagedAn increasing number of materials are packaged to prevent victimize during transit and deterioration in storage. They can be banded together fully enclosed or fairish prot ected at their most vulnerable parts. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)LooseComponents are in a partially fabricated state it whitethorn not be feasible to pallet or package them. They will have to handled individually gibe to their weight, size and intrinsic strength. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)The firms policy should be, wherever manageable, to obtain the materials either palette or packaged. This will generally involve the buyer in negotiations with the suppliers to determine the most suitable requirements. at that place are advantages that will be of put on to both parties (Ian E Chandler, 1978)Faster turn-round for vehicles on siteQuicker and easier loading at the sourcePossible systematisation of pallet sizes and loads, together with package sizes.As a summary for classification of materials by classify the materials into five groups, it can help to aid the site management in determining the handling and storage policy and serve it needs to carry out on the site. The manner in which th e material is delivered will determine its storage emplacement, when it will be required, and how it will be off-loaded and transfer of traininged. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)2.3.2 Location on siteThe overriding objective of the perspective of materials and components on the site is that they should be as close to the point of use as is practically and economically realistic. (Ian E Chandler, 1978) When materials are delivering from a uttermost distance to the site, it will result in wasting away time in delivering, risk of abuse to the materials and also an increase in the cost of materials. It is required that the distance of the delivering materials to be managed. In develop a plan for this management, the reckon which will affect the plan is the time, stead, labour, arrange and costs.Time. If the contract has to be consummate in a relatively short time compared to similar projects, thus the cost of material handling becomes a secondary fancyation. It is necessary to st ock-pile materials to jolt the effects of irregular delivery. This will have to be re-handled at a later date if they are deposited some distance away from the point of use. The net effect on the programme in achieving continuous production to obtain completion on time may, in this particular case, warrant the particular(a) expenditure for the double handling. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)Space. On the majority of sites the space available for the storage and endeavour of materials and components is the major consideration. The amount of land unexpended most a building or a group of building is re unforgivinged owning to formula and cost divisors. The cost of land is very high, owe mainly to its scarcity value for building, this means that the building will take out up as more than as of the available land area. The developer essential(prenominal) achieve a balance between a high niggardness of population and areas for leisure amenities. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)Labour and form. The off-loading and handling of materials in site which should be carry out by worker or auto has to be done correctly. The important of this is more main on time as time is very important for construction. For example, by using a crane to lift concrete to a high floor is a lot for faster than carrying by worker as the amount to be displace is much larger and the time used is much more shorter. exclusively there still many accompaniment that must be carry by worker such as some small item which carry only a small amount and easily disordered item should be carry by worker carefully to forefend losing or damage to the item.Costs. Whatever the outcome of looking at the location problem from the point of view of time, space or labour and plant the ultimate decision will inevitably be tempered by the cost factor. If the costs exceed the budget for that particular operation a decision will have to be taken in the trounce interests of the project. It may be justifiable to exceed t he estimate for one body process in order to put up a saving in another. If after a number of feasible solutions have been obtained on the basis of the other limiting factors, then the distinguishing criteria will be cost, with the problem being resolved by using the cheapest method. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)2.3.3 Movement on SiteMovement on site mean to move the material from 1 position to another position. Incorrect ways of movement capacity cause damage to the materials and increase the costs. Basically, movement on site can be divided into 2 types which is horizontal movement and vertical movement.For horizontal movement, the aim is to find that the material is moved from one position to another over the site to minimize time, handling, damage and costs by using routes planned to ensure safety and ease conk out. The routes should be defined by laying roads or marking their width. Material checker should have the responsibility and ascendancy to police the activity. (Ian E C handler, 1978)Plant should be well maintained to block break down of vehicle in the way of delivery or any other to avoid wasting time on delivery. This might cause delay of construction when materials deliver to the site late and hence causes lost to the contractor.While for vertical movement, this is the movement of materials from one level to another in either a strict perpendicular manner or with a certain amount of horizontal movement. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)Very piddling vertical movement, except in single or two taradiddle buildings, is carried out by labour excluding for example, bricks and mortar in hods and the placing of sanitary fittings. Labours intensive lifting is expensive both in time and money. The optimum is to get the materials to the required level in the most businesslike way. Lifting plant should be positioned around the building to ensure that excessive horizontal movement within the morphologic envelope is minimized. It should be positioned around the st ructural envelope is minimized. It should be able to carry component that needs to lifted, also bearing in intellect its overall size. The load must be carried safelt and should be secured if there is the slightest risk of it falling. If the lifting conveyance is fixed provision has to be made to prevent the load falling outside the area occupied by the lift appliance. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)The amount of space on site will determine the allocation of the horizontal and vertical movement corridors, with an inherent danger of excessive travel by the site channelize on an unlimited site and fine planning required on a restricted one. The mode of transport to the site will affect how and where the materials will be offloaded. Site corridors should be designated according to vehicle or pedestrian use and prepared according to the loads they will have to convey. The type of transport will have to convey. The type of transport will have to be decided at the planning stage to ensure tha t deliveries can be handled efficiently. Vertical movement will depend upon the materials to be lifted and the height they have to r apiece. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)2.3.4 Reduction of WasteContractors are often active in the design phase when involved in design-build, construction management at risk, and room construction management contractual relationships. This early involvement in the process provides the opportunity to help build realistic specifications for simplification shoot a line in the construction process. (William R. Mincks Hal Johnston, 2012)Designers are typically aware of the physical attributes of materials however, they dont commonly consider the photocopy generated by the use of the material in the construction process. The contractor ia aware of the efficient use of material and its waste in from each one application. This insight can help the designer choose the optimal material for each particular use. (William R. Mincks Hal Johnston, 2012)The specificati on need to reflect what the owner is intending to touch concerning waste management. The specification should include requirements to achieve reduction of waste, such as requiring detailed waste management plans form the contractor and trade contractors on the jobsite. (William R. Mincks Hal Johnston, 2012)Waste is generated in a systematic process that can be scheduled. Begin making schedule requirements that will illustrate when and how waste will be generated. The schedule should be used to reform understand waste generation and how best to recycle, reuse, or dispose of the different kinds of materials being used on the project. (William R. Mincks Hal Johnston, 2012) Figure 2.0 shows the composition of construction waste.CUsersUserDesktopwaste.PNGFigure authorship of construction wasteCloser cooperation between designer and contractor in the design stages of building can help to prevent waste. The present form of war-ridden tendering produces a waste of contractors managem ent resources in the synthesis of an im feasible tender. This is also reflected in the successful tender in so much as the contractor will have had little or no influence over the design. His experience could have alleviated some of the waste brought about by inherent design factors.The incidence of waste has repercussions throughout the contract. Its effect will be seen through extra administrative work by management personnel, an increase in contract time, reallocation of labour, extra costs in replacement of materials, remedying faulty work because of materials, and extra costs in cleaning and disposing of waste materials. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)2.3.5 Quality Control tally to Sidney M. Levy (2007), the control of tone construction begins with an intensive review of the plans and specifications. There may be few deficiencies in the plans and specifications, some of which may have been uncovered during the estimating process, while other were unearthed by the subcontractor and ven dors. The project superintendent may have unearthed constructability issues during his or her review. The need for all parties to thoroughly examine the documents under their control cannot be overemphasized. When problem are uncovered early in the game, the impact and associated costs are considerably less.Quality control is the function which must be performed throughout an organization in order to achieve its flavour objectives. To produce effective musical note control of incoming materials and components a practical site establish system must be adopted. The control of work-in-progress will not be discussed unless it overlaps the system to be applied to materials. (Ian E Chandler, 1978) Component of building is cannot without the present of quality control because of the interrelationship of each others. The quality must set at the target where it is likely possible to achieved and sufficient. If the target of quality is arrange out of the capability, it not just wasting the time but also ca-ca delay of the project. So, quality control is not just base on what quality standard is to be achieved, but it is also based on the existing techniques and capability to control the quality.In order to control the quality of materials, materials can be inspected by 3 method which is visual method, tactile method, and statistical method. Inspection is not carried out by using either one of these methods but by according to the type of materials by using which method. Inspection is preferred to be carry out before the materials are unloaded as this can avoid unnecessary bad hence to prevent from wasting time and energy to demolish and rebuild.Visual inspection is generally only possible if the items are not packaged and where the quality can be seen at a glance, eg timber. During unloading some damaged goods may be imbed if a competent person is in charge. If it is left to untrained operatives to unload, damage may be caused and defective items not noticed and t heir importance realized. Checks should be carried out prior to and during unloading, with a final check on the method of protection. The vast majority of quality control checks are visual and defective material is generally easily recognized. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)For tactile inspection, from the appearance of a material it may be seen to be defective or of a poor quality but by touching it this can be confirmed. This method of inspection has only a limited application and is usually confined to materials such as sand, cement, plaster and joinery timber. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)By using statistical techniques on samples from bulk deliveries the state of the whole deliver can be fairly accurately forecast. It is not intended to get here the mathematics behind these techniques but to show where they can be applied on the site. The most common sampling test used is the concrete cube test. A quality if concrete is taken from a batch, and compacted into a number of cast iron cubes. These are allowed to cure for a specific number of days and then the concrete cubes are time-tested for compressive strength. It is assumed that the cubes represent the whole batch of concrete and that the results of the tests on the sample reflect the expected results if all the concrete was tested. This analogous technique can be used on bricks, aggregate, timber, and components. (Ian E Chandler, 1978)Suggested by Ian E Chandler (1978), to be effective a quality control system should be based on a close liaison between the architect and the builder. A system should be developed in conjunction with the general materials handling procedures and this carried out under the responsibility of the person in control of materials. The system must be set the quality standard, plan how it is to be adopted, implement the methods of inspection and provide for a long term control of quality. An efficient system will cover its costs, ensure that a job is punish to the satisfaction of the architect and possibly provide and additional saving for the contractor. With strict control, pressure can be brought to bear on the materials suppliers and with good quality materials a high standard of workmanship can be achieved in creating the finished article.2.4 Advantages of Material Management in Building ConstructionIn Building construction industries, what is the advantages of Material Management will bring the benefit to Contractors Company. In fact, the adoption of Material Management by the Contractors Company will generate a number of significantly valuable advantages in toll of total organizational control and materials control. In according to Eugene L. Magad and John M. Amos (1995), the advantages are as followsMaximun company profitImproved customer service usefulness of credibility enhancement of intercourseImproved quality of round2.4.1 utmost company profitAccording to Eugene L. Magad and John M. Amos (1995), like other major company functions, Material Management is mainly responsible to maximize the company profits. Because Material Management control the company 4M which is materials, machines, manpower, and money, it has significant potential difference for increasing company profits by reducing costs. Cost reduction opportunities are possible throughout the material function. Some typical examples are as followsDecreasing part shortages (resulting in more efficient use of labour, plant and materials).Reducing inventory level through improved controls.Lowering ecstasy costs as result of using minimum cost of transport vehicle to send the building materialsAlways ensure the material is order and send to the site at the suitable time, prevent any material which is brought to the site prematurely.If possible, purchasing manager should order the material in large quantity and enjoy certain amount of discount. (Material in large quantity like cement, timber, and etc where can be store for longer period of time)Material Management can make an i mportant contribution to a companys profit margin by reducing total costs, which can then provide a reduction in Building growing price. Reduction development price can result in higher gross sales during the periods of merchandising for completed building, as well as the ability to maintain sales volume during a contracting market. Another benefit achieved by reducing materials cost is that can help a company to maintain the same product (Building) price during periods of increasing resources costs. (Eugene L. Magad and John M. Amos , 1995)According to Elijah E. Ogbadu (2009), materials management and trade department should cooperate in ensuring the organization for the profitability. Materials management has the ability to produce the exact quality of the materials used to avoid wastage to obtain the lowest possible cost which will then bring marketing maintain competitive advantage. Consequently sales and profit will be increased.2.4.2 Improved customer serviceThe second bene fit of applied the Material Management in building industry is that the product quality provided to the customer will increased. Quality control is part of the essential topic under the Material Management function. In regard with the product quality, the firm which adopted the Material Management system will normally balanced their product cost and quality. It is not true that with the lowest cost of product will decline the quality of the product. When the building sales in the market with the reasonable cost and better quality, then it will constantly maintain the customer product quality and with lower building cost. (Eugene L. Magad and John M. Amos , 1995)2.4.3 Improvement of credibilityAn important factor in the day-to-day operation of a company is the reliability and verity of each groups performance and activities. Each and group within the company must depend on others for correct timing and performance, if anyone falters, the overall performance is affected. In some resp ects, company activities are more complex than this. Individual department begin to take safety precautions when they are forced to work with others who are less reliable than they. With a Material Management organization, various functions (marketing, manufacturing, etc) get better, more reliable service. The Material Management organization provides credibility of performance, which helps to reduce costs and lessen confusion. It also contributes to an atmosphere of mutual and cooperation. (Eugene L. Magad and John M. Amos , 1995)2.4.4 Enhancement of communicationThe Material Management offer the benefit of enhance the communication by provide a communication network that reacts quickly and facilitates improved rational action throughout the system. Combining the various fragmented groups enhances communication by shortening message channels, allowing common use of data, providing greater potential use of communication through data processing equipment, and encouraging the flow of information between people. (Eugene L. Magad and John M. Amos , 1995)2.4.5 Improved quality of staffThis account given that the material manager will promote team based working and will offer greater promotion and staff development opportunities, the company will pull out a higher capability staff to work together. Majority, the employee will aim for higher status of working environment and also challenging work. The company with systematic organization may attract those experienced staff working within the firm, so the company with Material Management system is form of systematic approach which will create a good image to company. (Eugene L. Magad and John M. Amos , 1995)